Show Notes for Wes Podcast

06:05 Paper: Ketamine or Etomidate for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

08:15 HOp Killers - stands for hypoxia (H), oxygenation (O) & metabolic acidosis (p for pH); the best way to dig in here is by starting at the EmCrit Intubation Checklist(s) and working through the concepts:

EmCrit Ep 92: Intubation Checklist (v1) view page

EmCrit Ep 172: Updated EmCrit RSI Checklist (v2) view page

watch the associated video on youtube

12:00 Dose Adjustment? - The paper cited above (Casey & friends, 2025) does look at full, intermediate and low doses of both Ketamine and Etomidate. And the Best Practice Guideline on Geriatric Trauma Management (by Mangram & friends, 2023) discusses dose attenuation by age.

14:15 Wes cites it didn’t pan out in EM and this ACEP policy paper by Godwin & friends (2025) basically summarizes that take (as well as many, many other takes along the way).

23:00 Clinical Frailty - discussed at length in the Geriatric Guidelines linked above (Mangram & friends, 2023). Also see here this paper from Hoogendijk & friends (2019) and this review of a scoring/ assessment tool for the thing (Shiffer & friends, 2026)

27:40 HOP Killers - as mentioned before/ above, see the EmCrit Intubation Checklist(s) to get into the details and context of this idea

32:45 Complications of NCD - best summarized by this response from our AI pal Open Evidence (OE)

39:05 For more on the idea of managing the chest tube to re-inflate the lung, refer to our blog post: Chest Tube Management in Transport

40:40 Paper on Finger Thor vs Chest Tube Placement done by the IDF medics in Gaza: Mozer-Glassberg & friends, 2025

And then this is what OE has to say about it all.

58:50 BLUE Protocol - the protocol is spelled out in a more in-depth textbook (available in its entirety and for free via SciHub, also backed up on archive.org), but is reviewed in this brief article by the same author: Lichtenstein, 2014

1:00:50 POCUS > CXR for PNA - Just one of a handful of studies on the idea: Orso & friends, 2025

1:10:15 To review our discussion with Drew Congdon from SFCC where we discuss his implementation of POCUS in initial paramedic education (among other things), listen to the podcast here.